| Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) |
Well, first off, I don’t try to justify what the Catholic Church did to Galileo (1564–1642). And neither does any Christian I know. Even the Catholic Church has apologized for their treatment of Galileo.[1] But it would be good to make sure we have our facts straight about what actually happened to Galileo.
Despite Carl Sagan’s statement about him being “in a Catholic dungeon” where he was “threatened...with torture”[2] or the Indigo Girls singing, “Galileo’s head was on the block,”[3] Galileo “was never in a dungeon or tortured.”[4] This is widely acknowledged today in biographies on Galileo, history books, the Encyclopedia Britannica, etc. Galileo was sentenced to a rather comfortable house arrest in his villa near Florence, Italy.[5] He was allowed to continue working and writing, and the Catholic Church even continued giving him his pension[6] until he died “peacefully in his bed”[7] nine years later at the age of 77 in 1642. Don’t misunderstand me—I disagree with how Galileo was treated. No one wants to have their ideas rejected and be confined to their home. So, I’m not seeking to justify what happened, only to lay to rest some of the legends about the Catholic Church supposedly torturing Galileo in a dungeon.
But something else needs to be pointed out. The Catholic Church’s opposition to Galileo is only part of the story. Do you know who else rejected Galileo and his discoveries? The brightest intellectuals, secular philosophers, and academic professors of his day![8] I never see this mentioned on atheists’ websites. And I think I know why! It takes all the wind out of their “Christians were standing in the way of scientific progress” propaganda.
Galileo’s scientific arguments (which built upon and advanced Nicolaus Copernicus’s heliocentric Sun-centered hypothesis published in 1543) threatened the all-pervading view held by the academies. They held to the geocentric understanding developed by Aristotle (384–322 BC) that said the Earth was at the physical center of the universe[9] and Ptolemy’s (AD c. 100–c. 170) view that the Earth was stationary and the Sun revolved around it. This Aristotelian-Ptolemaic geocentric view was entrenched everywhere and it had been for 1400 years. So, it wasn’t just the Church that opposed Galileo’s discoveries! The brightest thinkers of the day disagreed with him, including the “secular philosophers who were enraged at his criticism of Aristotle.”[10] Even Tyco Brahe (1546–1601), the greatest astronomer of the period disagreed with Galileo.[11] This widespread opposition is a hugely important part of the story that is conveniently left out whenever atheists tell the story.
| Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) |
And here’s another thing atheists never mention on their websites or in their books. Galileo, often referred to as the “father of modern astronomy,” the “father of modern physics,” and the “father of science”[12] was—get this—a Christian! Not a nominal Christian; he was a firm believer in God and the Bible, and remained so all of his life, even after his ideas were rejected by the Catholic Church.[13] In a letter explaining his views on the mixture of science and religion, Galileo wrote: “Holy Scripture could never lie or err...its decrees are of absolute and inviolable truth.”[14] And Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)—the astronomer who proposed the heliocentric[15] (Sun-centered) system before Galileo—was a Christian as well, one who believed “the universe [had been] wrought for us by a supremely good and orderly Creator!”[16]
So, the story of Galileo as some bright agnostic or atheistic astronomer going up against a group of bumbling, Bible-wielding churchmen impeding the march of science is misleading, anti-Bible propaganda.
This was excerpted from the forthcoming book, Scrolls and Stones
by Charlie Campbell, Copyright © 2014.
by Charlie Campbell, Copyright © 2014.
NOTES:
1. “The Galileo Affair,” http://www.vaticanobservatory.org/index.php/en/history-of-astronomy/197-the-galileo-affair.
2. Carl Sagan, Cosmos (1980), Kindle edition, 1224.
3. “Galileo” by the Indigo Girls, http://www.indigogirls.com/discographyandlyrics/lyrics/ritesofpassage.html.
4. “Galileo,” http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/224058/Galileo/8441/Galileos-Copernicanism. For more on this, see: Rodney Stark, The Triumph of Christianity (2011), 289; Jeffrey Burton Russell, Exposing Myths About Christianity (2012), 133.
5. Rodney Stark, The Triumph of Christianity (2011), 289; Jeffrey Burton Russell, Exposing Myths About Christianity (2012), 137.
6. Jay Richards in Lee Strobel, The Case for a Creator (2004), 163.
7. Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World (1997), 2.
8. John Lennox, God’s Undertaker: Has Science Buried God? (2009), 24; Jeffrey Burton Russell, Exposing Myths About Christianity (2012), 133–137.
9. Lennox, God’s Undertaker, 24.
10. Ibid.
11. Dinesh D’Souza, What’s So Great About Christianity? (2007), 106.
12. “Astronomer Galileo dies in Italy,” http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/astronomer-galileo-dies-in-italy.
13. Lennox, God’s Undertaker, 24–26.
14. Quoted in Stillman Drake, Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography (1978), 224.
15. Heliocentric (or “Sun-centered”) is derived from the Greek helios, meaning “Sun.”
16. Quoted in Charles Hummel, The Galileo Connection (1986), 39.
